I do get it Wryfox except for the part about early Colt M1917s being able to accept .45 Colt ammunition.
I'm aware that the early '17 Colts had bored through cylinders with no shoulders, but hadn't heard that .45 Colt would chamber in those. If so then they'd probably shoot just fine. Might be crowding things a bit in the shorter cylinder. In our old house I have to go through our bedroom to get to the gun room. If it wasn't 4:30 in the morning and with Mrs. noelekal asleep I'd go measure the cylinder and a factory 255 grain .45 Colt cartridge to see if bullet would protrude out the front of the cylinder a bit. Of course the .45 Colt won't chamber in my '17 Colt revolver as it is a later production revolver (September 1918) so has chambers with shoulders.
I heartily agree with you Wryfox on the Colt lock work design improvements introduced to their various sized models in the 1907-1908 time period. Made Colt double-action revolvers advance from being old wheezers with delicate mechanisms and crummy triggers to real thoroughbred ponies with dependable function and nice usable triggers. I'd trust my early decades 20th century Colts to go the distance even now same as I would a new one.
More classic Colt-ness. Oh no! I feel a tale coming on!
It's been near two years ago, but a huntin'/shootin' cousin of mine came for a visit and brought my uncle's Colt Model 1873 which is a military contract variant of the Colt Single Action Army and chambered for .45 Colt. My uncle and my dad went on a fishing trip up to Oklahoma in 1948 and while there stopped in at a little road side grocery and bait house where my uncle bought the Colt M1873 and a holster for $5. Of course $5 was more money in 1948 than it is now and obsolete revolvers weren't yet collectible.
My uncle's Colt Single Action is known in collector's parlance as the Artillery Model. Its serial number dates it to 1878. Colt Model 1873s were provided to the U. S. military with 7 1/2-inch barrels which this one would have originally had, however in the years after the Spanish American War when the U. S. had taken over the Philippines from the Spanish, quantities of the Model 1873 were trotted out of military stores where they'd been held after they had been withdrawn after general issue of the newer military contract version of the Colt double-action New Army .38 Long Colt which served in the Spanish American War. Apparently the .38 revolver's reputation for effectiveness wasn't sullied during that conflict. Perhaps the revolvers weren't employed to any great extent and perhaps on occasion when used enemy combatants had the good grace to realize they'd been shot and didn't further press the issue.
Was a different story in the Philippines. The .38 Long Colt proved woefully inadequate for the adversaries the U. S. Army found there, some of which employed stimulating drugs and body wraps to render themselves more impervious to injuries received. These Moro tribesmen were known as the Jurementados and they meant business! Alarmed, the War Department brought back the Model 1873 Colt and its notably more effective .45 Colt cartridge.
To make the single action .45s handier for field use a great many of the M1873s supplied had their barrels shortened to 5 1/2-inches during arsenal reworks. My uncle's revolver is one of those. I don't think there was any particular association with artillery connected to the revolvers. Apparently collectors simply fixed that moniker to them. The shortened Model 1873s were just general issue and used along side an additional small procurement of Colt Model 1878 revolvers also chambered for .45 Colt known as the Colt Model 1902 as well as the later Colt Model 1909.
It was summer of 1968 when I shot a handgun for the first time. I can't now recall if it was my uncle's 4-inch Smith & Wesson Model 15 .38 Special or the Colt Model 1873 for I shot both at tin cans while standing in the road leading to our old family lake cabin at different times that summer. I recall that I "kinda" could hit with the Smith & Wesson, but the Colt (probably loaded with stiff Unique fueled handloads) was a bit much for an 11 year old.
In 1971 my uncle was struck and killed by lightening while on a fishing trip. His extensive gun collection fell into the hands of his four sons, my cousins and they still retain most of them.
I'd not seen the Colt Artillery Model in over three decades when my cousin came wagging it in the house stuffed in the same ol' holster it lived in while inside my uncle's gun closet when I was a kid. While he was in that weekend we repaired to the local gun club range for a "Span-Am" revolver shoot. My uncle's old Colt, a Colt Model 1901 .38 I have and the Colt Model 1909 were all aired out.
Top to bottom: Colt Model 1873 Artillery Model, Colt Model 1901rework of Model 1892, and Colt Model 1909 New Service all grimy from shooting on a March afternoon.
Good work could be done on target with both the Model 1873 Artillery Model and the Model 1909. The Model 1901? Not so much. Accuracy displayed would show that revolver as useful for close range work. The Model 1901 I have is a rebuild of a Model 1892 and was produced in that year. Colt won a contract to rehab and upgrade the earlier variants of the .38 Army revolvers. This included adding a butt swivel to any not having that feature and the Model 1892s did not have it. In the rehab Colt removed the original 1892 roll markings on the butt and reapplied the same serial number with Model 1901 designation. My .38 Colt is an early Model 1892 having a serial number of 1207. Because of the rework it is considered to be a Model 1901 and was so marked in that year.
Regarding the Holster
I recall that the old .45 Colt was kept with a holster when I was a kid. Didn't know a thing about holsters though. While we were sitting in the living room discussing the old Colt my cousin suddenly interjected that he was giving me the holster. Turned out to be an original and quite collectible vintage Brill holster. I now collect vintage leather holsters so immediately recognized it for what it was. I protested that it needed to remain with the revolver since they'd been together for at least 70 years at that point, but he said no, the holster was made for a 4 3/4 inch Colt Single Action Army revolver and I had one of those and the 5 1/2-inch Artillery Model didn't really fit it.
So, my 1905 vintage commercial Colt Single Action Army in .38-40 now has a home in the old holster which was my uncle's since that 1948 fishing trip. I'm very grateful to my cousin.

Shown here with another later, yet still pre-war Brill holster I'd previously picked up.
My .38 Colt Model 1901 really is an ol' wheezer. Mine's in pretty good mechanical shape. Its lines appear quite modern and it balances so elegantly and gracefully in the hand when shooting one-handed as was typical of its day, but it's of primitive design. The main spring feels like it was made from a segment of my dad's old overload springs on the '54 GMC pickup that he had when I was a kid. In single-action mode the revolver's trigger is heavy and harsh. In double-action mode the trigger becomes truly dismal, heavy, uneven and stacking, feeling much like dragging a Haydite block across a caliche road with one finger. Because of trigger characteristics the double-action trigger is almost unusable. But wait! There's more! The timing and lock up are both of such a weak design that the cylinder poorly aligns with the barrel's forcing cone. So a double-action effort with the revolver finds an evil lead-spitting beast from bullets shaving lead as they try to find the forcing cone. I've examined a number of these U. S. military Colt .38s over the years as well as the Colt commercial variants and have yet to find one that locked up tightly. The design was not durable which is the reason why I so wholeheartedly agree with Wryfox about the improved Colt models of subsequent years.