My guess is that the machine was developed in the 1960s from the cabnet design.
I would expect Omega, especially with the precision timing of the Olympics, was one of the first users of laser technologies. I also have the W. R Bennit Jr. textbook
Scientific Problem solving with the computer which is from 1976 so is a decade later.
I was in Elementary School in the 1960s and laser were a thing. The ExplorOtorum was full of them. They could be ordered through the Edmond Scientific catalog. I have had an obsession my whole life with lasers. Although ever since Frank Oppenheimer, in self same musuem, showed me a lathe I was more impressed with the latter as it could duplicate itself. Both were equally impressive to a 7 or so year old in the third grade. Ironically some weekends and evenings were spent during that time with an Aunt who lived near Haight and Ashbury, so my memory is not always as clear as it could be.
I got sidetracked with my Kodak Scanner driver software PCD restoration (a story unto itself) At the start of the pandemic I did get an Acoustical Optical modulator to see if I could build a
MIT/BYU holographic projector. For which I purchased most of the surplus parts used in the prototype. I think they have made significant progress in the last 6 years. According to the holography textbook the theory goes back quite a while. Even if the first pracical (patented one) dates to around 1960.
My tool and Die maker mentor, Had a lot of optical comparators. These sometimes used photo multiplier tubes for edge detecting. They were still used into the 1990s. Apple scrapped one that was used for a color printer prototype and I was allowed to remove parts from the trash bin for use in Hobby projects. Not sure what I did with the PM tube, was hard to figure out how to make it work. The X/Y stage was donated to the MakerSpace.
So the machine may have first used structured light inferomitry. Simplest to just call it a laser.
What ever the case, this is probably lost institutional knowledge. Proprietary information. Would that I could get into the Omega Archives and study this firsthand.
Omega prides itself on being the company (for the last 100 years or more) with the ability to do the most precise timing measurements possible. So I suspect their R&D department includes a few physicist. Who probably have access to some pretty cutting edge technologies.
So I like to think Omega is more than marketing hype.
And my work with the scraps suggest they they really did make the better watch.
And "they" did leave a Laser retro reflector on the Moon. So by 1969 lasers were in everyday use. Pretty fast industry adoption I would think.