Condolences on your sad news. Both my parents passed away 46 years ago. You’ll heal, but never lose the memories.
Your crystal is typical of the type. As they oxidize, they emit corrosive gases, which in your case, has ruined the hands! Perhaps beyond salvaging them. Glass is superior to plastic, but modern acrylic crystal will do. And they don’t do what yours has done. In short, get it outta there ASAP! You’ll never be able to salvage it!
Gold colour cases are usually, gold filled, rolled gold plate, or electroplated. Your 25 year case is gold filled which means that about 5% (1/20th) of the weight of the case is hard gold alloy. 95% would likely be brass. GF and RGP material is produced by fusing a thin sheet of karat gold alloy to a thick sheet of base metal. The resulting block of metal is run through a rolling mill and annealed as many times as necessary to end up with a sheet of metal (still 5%gold) of the desired thickness. Punch presses form the sheet into components of the desired shape, and the item (watch case) is finished. RGP is formed the same way, but this material is 1/30th hard gold alloy.
Electroplating is done by a galvanic bath. Many jurisdictions legislate that such items can only be called “gold colour”!
As to the missing screw. Have the watch serviced by someone who won’t try to jam a SWISS screw into that location. American companies used a finer pitch than the Swiss. Screws are available.
Sounds like the mainspring may be broken. But the watch should also be serviced, and those sadly deteriorated hands replaced.
Keep us posted.
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