My father was probably there at one point. He was a metallurgist ran a few foundries until they put him in charge of the “Asia transition” he saw what was coming like Ted Williams seeing a fastball over center of the plate. I remember him saying how bad it was going to be for the US but I was too young to fully grasp what he was talking about. Now you see the loads of empty manufacturing space that seems to have touched every state in the union and I understand. Pharmacies, elder care, and weed dispensaries seem to be sprouting up everywhere.
Between here, Bethlehem, Pa and Pittsburgh- he was probably very busy.
I documented a fasteners plant (nails, tacks and brads) here in 2003 that had finally closed its doors after over 100 years in business (they were literally packing up the offices and scrapping the machinery as I was documenting the place).
It was a 3 generation family business that had employed around 75-100 employees at any given time- some for their entire careers from teenage to retirement. They had blacksmiths and a small foundry to machine parts for their machinery, skilled machine operators, a packing plant, sales and accounting departments- this was an eco-system of skilled labor using a 19th century process that worked beautifully.
They invented packaged nails (as opposed to being sold in barrels), they invented he heat bluing sterilization process for furniture tacks (as upholsters used to keep the tacks in their mouth since you needed two hands to stretch fabric and drive the nails)- they were the second to last domestic fasteners company left on the country.
They folded due to a series of bad business decisions with Walmart (who made them a sweetheart deal in the early 90’s and then changed the terms a decade later) and by the time they got free of the deal with the devil, cheap Korean made fasteners has taken over the market.
I got a few boxes of nails from their packing plant as they were throwing things in the dumpster (they said to take as much as I could carry). The boxes were from the 80’s when they exclusively used Bethlehem steel (they still had the giant wood spools stacked up that the wire to make the nails came on). I tested them at home against some modern Home Depot nails to see if there was a difference. The Korean nails would bend about every 2nd nail- some unusable and once I pulled them they were never usable again. The Beth steel nails stayed stair no matter what angle I drive them from- and I could pull them over and over and drive them again.
So we saved a few cents on a box nails by no longer buying domestically made steel…but is it really a savings?