The crew did use celestial navigation. I have somewhere in a biography a story of a crew that tried to locate the coast of China with Weems method.
To get the planes light enough to take off from Shangi-La, Mitcher and Doolittle supervised the removal of all non-mission critical equipment. These planes even sacrificed the tail guns. I think radios was removed, have to recheck. Sextant readings were done from the nose. Also the Norton Bomb site automatic targeting system was removed. The bomber was training with a simple angled bomb site. Angle of approach, speed, altitude was therefore predetermined for Tokyo. Saves weight, but also kept the automated system technology from getting into Japanese hands. Would make Lockbourne bomber training base useful for testing the theory out on use of the new bomber sight and practicing it since it is close by to Wright Patterson. Even the amount of bombs had to be considered to reduce take off weight. The point of the mission wasn't to destroy Tokyo as much as it was to show the United States could reach Japan.
Even the gas tanks on the Mitchell was replaced with rubber tanks. Saves weight, but also allows them to make them bigger. All the redesign was occurring at Wright Patterson Ohio. The crew didn't learn to take-off from the Hornet which was about half the take-off runway distance with better technique. The Mitchells were extensive modified to reduce weight, increase speed, and range. The rear guns were broom sticks.
I checked Doolittle's watch. It is a large time only watch with no rotating bezel. I will find the high rez photo of the watch. I have it on the computer. I don't have the data on my phone.
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