NASA did the best they could. Those were some tough requirements.
Is acrylic really shatterproof? Nope. Neither is mineral or sapphire. Some are harder to shatter or break into smaller or larger pieces, but they can be shattered.
Mineral was more common during the tests. Mineral is more glass than sapphire, so maybe the requirements could have meant no mineral crystals? Or maybe they were just happy any watch survived the grueling tests and overlooked the shatterproof requirement. My opinion is that we watch nerds care about it more than NASA.
As to why they allow sapphire on the ISS, that should say something about the myth of being nervous about sapphire shattering.
The Speedmaster is worn on EVAs because it passed the tests and it works. No need to pay for more tests.