I feel the same about this - synthetic rubies were invented a bit earlier than synthetic sapphires, and were somewhat cheaper to make in the beginning... However, I don't know if this is still true, and even if so, the effect can't be that large, or can it? The hardness of the material is the same with ruby or sapphire. And sapphire just looks great together with rhodium-plated bridges.
I'm still researching this, but from what I found so far, it may well have been Ulysse Nardin that started using sapphire for pocket watches, in the mid-1920s. This was very popular in Japan (and copied by Seikosha, who were at that time the biggest importer of Swiss watches into Japan, and the largest manufacturer of pocket watches there).
... which leads us back to your "Coronation" Longines, because this one uses a very similar bridge layout to the UN pocket watches I mentioned above - except that yours has a split barrel bridge, which differentiates it from the 17.89M as well.
Sorry for the detour into sapphires, I didn't mean to distract from your amazing watch. It's easily one of the most impressive pocket watches I have seen on the net so far.