Ice flow or design flaw?

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Shackleton famously advertised “Men wanted for hazardous journey. Low wages, bitter cold, long hours of complete darkness. Safe return doubtful. Honour and recognition in event of success.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/06/science/shackleton-endurance-antarctica.html

Not sure if this is behind a pay wall, here is a summary:

Jukka Tuhkuri, an ice researcher and naval architect at Aalto University in Finland and author of the new study, was aboard Endurance22 with the team that discovered the wreck in 2022. As a side project, he began analyzing diaries, personal correspondences and the ship’s wreckage to find out why the Endurance sank.

A year and a half later he was staring at images of what had been described as the strongest wooden ship ever built in the archives of the Royal Geological Society in London. A hypothesis came to him.

“It’s not the ice, it’s the ship,” Dr. Tuhkuri said.

He noticed that the hull of the Endurance lacked the beams that would have given it enough brawn to endure an onslaught of crushing ice. As a result, the rudder, stern post and part of the keel were torn apart, causing the ship to fill rapidly with water.


Shackleton’s watch was auctioned earlier this year

 
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That's really interesting, and an odd oversight on the part of the ship builders. Thanks for sharing.
 
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The ship "Fram" was constructed in a way that the forces from the ice lifted the ship instead of pushing it down. The inspiration came from smaller Norwegian pilot wessels. The ship also had retractable rudder and propeller and no keel. The hull was buildt in 3 layers totaling 330 mm (13"). The lining inside of the ribs was 100 mm (4"). The hull is criss crossed with heavy timbers both horisontaly and diagonaly. The ship can be seen and entered in the Fram museum in Oslo.

The English page is unfortunatly less detailed than the Norwegian.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fram_(ship)
The "Endurance" altough also buiit in Norway for arctic conditions and of much heavier timbers. Her hull was as thick as 760 mm (30") in places, but her sides was straight. I think the "Endurance" was built for chrashing into ice on the open sea while the "Fram" were built to be frozen into the ice, making the "Endurance" not suiteable for what she was exposed to.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)
 
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Ice or design flaw....one of the world's great expeditions and of hardship and eventual rescue
 
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That ship was the gateway drug to my third major hobby. Model Ship building. (which also includes spacecraft.)

When ever I ran out of stuff to search for I would visit the now defunct 'Titanic Research, and Modelers Association' TRMA. Endurance was one of the 'holy grails' of 'lost' ships. As were Franklin's ships what explored the northwest passage.

I would spend hours looking at Frank Hurley's photographs. The ship sinking was also filmed. Was a full laboratory ship, which along with the sister ship Aurora had darkrooms. This was also one of the first expeditions to create a 'documentary' film. Some claim they spent too much valuable 'cine' film on the dogs and penguins.

Lost much of the interest in it when it was found. Everyone makes models of it now.

In recent months I have been researching local ships. One which was abandoned on the local shoreline. Called the 'Forester.' Burned in 1975. But after much of it's fittings were stripped. Some which were used to decorate the Tonga Room Tiki bar in the city.

Another is the Saginaw, first ship constructed at Mare Island. Similar story to the Endurance. Wreaked on and atoll near Midway island 5 members of the crew took a gig 1000 miles back to Hawaii. Only one survived the beach landing, but the other 89 men were rescued, A few which rose to the rank of Rear Admiral.

I think my favorite wreak was the Andrea Doria. Gorgeous mid century modern design. I think the Stockholm was finally scrapped earlier in the year after no one could find a buyer. Was a bit before my time, but when little I thought that the most famous shipwreck in the world. (until the Titanic was located.) AD was a popular subject for TV documentaries and magazine articles.