Hi Neville - if you are looking for a modern Speedmaster, the 3570.50.00 is the current-production iteration of the moonwatch. A "reference number" is the term used by watch manufacturers for "model number". So, a different reference number will mean that there is something different about the watch. In the case of the 3573.50.00, Omega replaces the solid caseback with a transparent sapphire crystal, and also replaces the acrylic ("Hesalite") crystal in front with sapphire. It's worth pointing out that the original moonwatch that flew to the moon had an acrylic crystal (because acrylic will not shatter if damaged - something critical to prevent in zero gravity), and a solid caseback. So again, if you're looking for the closest descendant to the original moonwatch, that's the 3570.50.00. Which is a very popular and great-looking watch.
It's also worth noting that reference numbers are (to our knowledge) arbitrarily assigned. For example, in "3570.50.00", each numeral does not represent a specific attribute (e.g., acrylic crystal, stainless steel case, manual wound, chronograph, etc etc). There was some push by Omega to do this in the late 60s, but that system was eventually abandoned.
Now, if you're looking for a true vintage Speedmaster, as in the same make and model (i.e., "reference") that flew to the moon, that would be what is known as a "pre-moon" Speedmaster, and the reference numbers for these are 105.012-65, 105.012-66, and 145.012-67. They are also called "321 Speedmasters", because the movement (the "engine") that powered the watch was the calibre Ω321. The prices for these are fairly reasonable.
A quick chronology of Speedmaster references is below:
Calibre 321, 1957-1968: CK2915, CK2998, 105.002, 105.003, 105.012, 145.012
Calibre 861, 1969-1996: 145.022. . .then some other numbers I'm not sure of
Calibre 1861, 1996-present: 3570.50.00
Finally, one of our members here, Spacefruit, posted a very comprehensive thread on another forum, essentially an introductory guide to Speedmaster 321 sourcing:
Thoughts on Buying a Pre-Moon Speedmaster
Good luck, and welcome!
cheers,
Mark
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